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روان شناسی و مشاوره::
شبکه ملی استرس ترومای کودکان
Research has indicated that approximately two thirds of youth in the United States experience a traumatic event by their 16th birthday (National Child Traumatic Stress Network [NCTSN], 2020a).
Traumatic events have been defined as those experiences in which a child faces a direct or perceived threat of harm that can lead to their becoming overwhelmed with fear and concern about their safety (American Psychological Association, 2008; NCTSN, 2020a; Tobin, 2016).
a traumatic event by their 16th birthday (NCTSN, 2020a).
Although children and adolescents who experience a single traumatic episode can experience PTSD, those who have been exposed to multiple traumatic events may experience a more complex symptom presentation that includes comorbid mental health conditions such as anxiety, depression, and disruptive behaviors (Complex Trauma Treatment Network of NCTSN, 2016; McLaughlin et ah, 2012).
It can influence the child's formation of a sense of self and the ability to establish secure attachments, regulate emotions, and manage one's behavior (Cook et ah, 2003; NCTSN, 2014; Spinazzola et ah, 2018; Tobin, 2016).
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